Efeito de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares na bioprodução de fenóis totais e no crescimento de Passiflora alata Curtis / Total phenols in Passiflora alata Curtis inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi

Os compostos fenólicos encontrados no extrato das folhas de maracujazeiro doce (Passiflora alata Curtis) são os principais responsáveis pelos efeitos terapêuticos, incluindo a atividade ansiolítica. O presente trabalho avaliou o efeito de diferentes espécies de fungo micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs) e doses de fósforo sobre a bioprodução de fenóis totais, bem como, o crescimento vegetal e os conteúdos de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio na massa da matéria seca da parte aérea do maracujazeiro doce. O experimento, fatorial 4x2, foi conduzido em um telado com quatro tratamentos microbiológicos: Glomus etunicatum, Glomus intraradices, inóculo misto (Glomus clarum e Gigaspora margarita) e o controle sem fungo, e duas doses de fósforo: 0 e 50 mg kg-1 de solo. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. As plantas foram colhidas 90 dias após a semeadura. Na ausência da adubação fosfatada, o conteúdo de fenóis totais, a massa da matéria seca da parte aérea e o número de folhas foram maiores nos tratamentos inoculados com FMAs, quando comparados ao tratamento sem fungo. Plantas com inóculo misto apresentaram maior altura com ou sem adubação fosfatada. Os tratamentos inoculados com FMAs, tanto na dose 0 quanto na dose 50 mg kg-1 de P incrementaram os conteúdos de N, P e K na parte aérea do maracujazeiro doce, evidenciando a capacidade dos FMAs em promover o melhor estado nutricional das plantas.

The phenolic compounds found in extracts from leaves of sweet passion fruit (Passiflora alata) are mainly responsible for its therapeutic effects, such as the anxiolytic activity. This study evaluated the effects of different species of mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphorus levels on the bioproduction of total phenols, as well as plant growth and the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the dry mass of shoots of sweet passion fruit. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. The factors were arranged in a :[(microbiological treatments: Glomus etunicatum, Glomus intraradices, mixed inoculum (Glomus clarum and Gigaspora margarita) and without fungus] x 2 (doses of phosphorus: 0 and 50 mg kg-1 soil) factorial arrangement, in a randomized block experimental design with four replications. The plants were harvested 90 days after seeding. In the absence of phosphate fertilization, the total phenol content, dry mass of shoot and leaf number were greater in treatments inoculated with AMF compared to the treatments without fungus. Mixed inoculum plants had higher plant height with or without phosphate fertilization. Treatments inoculated with AMF in both the 0 and 50 mg kg-1 doses of P increased the content of N, P and K in the shoots of sweet passion fruit, demonstrating the ability of AMF to promote better nutritional statusfin plants.

Positive response to imatinib mesylate therapy for childhood chronic myeloid leukemia

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is rare in the pediatric population, accounting for 2-3 percent of childhood leukemia cases, with an annual incidence of one case per million children. The low toxicity profile of imatinib mesylate has led to its approval as a front-line therapy in children for whom interferon treatment has failed or who have relapsed after allogeneic transplantation. We describe the positive responses of 2 children (case 1 - from a 7-year-old male since May 2005; case 2 - from a 5-year-old female since June 2006) with Philadelphia-positive chromosome CML treated with imatinib (300 mg/day, orally) for up to 28 months, as evaluated by morphological, cytogenetic, and molecular approaches. Our patients are alive, are in the chronic phase, and are in continuous morphological complete remission.

Alternagin-C, a disintegrin-like protein from the venom of Bothrops alternatus, modulates alpha2ß1 integrin-mediated cell adhesion, migration and proliferation

The alpha2ß1 integrin is a major collagen receptor that plays an essential role in the adhesion of normal and tumor cells to the extracellular matrix. Alternagin-C (ALT-C), a disintegrin-like protein purified from the venom of the Brazilian snake Bothrops alternatus, competitively interacts with the alpha2ß1 integrin, thereby inhibiting collagen binding. When immobilized in plate wells, ALT-C supports the adhesion of fibroblasts as well as of human vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and does not detach cells previously bound to collagen I. ALT-C is a strong inducer of HUVEC proliferation in vitro. Gene expression analysis was done using an Affimetrix HU-95A probe array with probe sets of 10,000 human genes. In human fibroblasts growing on collagen-coated plates, ALT-C up-regulates the expression of several growth factors including vascular endothelial growth factor, as well as some cell cycle control genes. Up-regulation of the vascular endothelial growth factor gene and other growth factors could explain the positive effect on HUVEC proliferation. ALT-C also strongly activates protein kinase B phosphorylation, a signaling event involved in endothelial cell survival and angiogenesis. In human neutrophils, ALT-C has a potent chemotactic effect modulated by the intracellular signaling cascade characteristic of integrin-activated pathways. Thus, ALT-C acts as a survival factor, promoting adhesion, migration and endothelial cell proliferation after binding to alpha2ß1 integrin on the cell surface. The biological activities of ALT-C may be helpful as a therapeutic strategy in tissue regeneration as well as in the design of new therapeutic agents targeting alpha2ß1 integrin.

Disintegrins: integrin selective ligands which activate integrin-coupled signaling and modulate leukocyte functions

Extracellular matrix proteins and cell adhesion receptors (integrins) play essential roles in the regulation of cell adhesion and migration. Interactions of integrins with the extracellular matrix proteins lead to phosphorylation of several intracellular proteins such as focal adhesion kinase, activating different signaling pathways responsible for the regulation of a variety of cell functions, including cytoskeleton mobilization. Once leukocytes are guided to sites of infection, inflammation, or antigen presentation, integrins can participate in the initiation, maintenance, or termination of the immune and inflammatory responses. The modulation of neutrophil activation through integrin-mediated pathways is important in the homeostatic control of the resolution of inflammatory states. In addition, during recirculation, T lymphocyte movement through distinct microenvironments is mediated by integrins, which are critical for cell cycle, differentiation and gene expression. Disintegrins are a family of low-molecular weight, cysteine-rich peptides first identified in snake venom, usually containing an RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) motif, which confers the ability to selectively bind to integrins, inhibiting integrin-related functions in different cell systems. In this review we show that, depending on the cell type and the microenvironment, disintegrins are able to antagonize the effects of integrins or to act agonistically by activating integrin-mediated signaling. Disintegrins have proven useful as tools to improve the understanding of the molecular events regulated by integrin signaling in leukocytes and prototypes in order to design therapies able to interfere with integrin-mediated effects.

Parâmetros genéticos para características lineares de úbere, escore final de tipo, produçäo de leite e produçäo de gordura na raça Holandesa / Genetic parameters for linear udder traits, final score and milk and fat yields in Holstein

Utilizaram-se 3.063 registros de classificaçäo linear de 2.593 vacas, obtidos entre 1997 e 1999, para estudar características de úbere, escore final de tipo e produçöes de leite e gordura por meio de modelo animal de repetibilidade para características múltiplas tomadas três a três. As médias das características de úbere variaram de 3,79 para colocaçäo das tetas anteriores a 5,81 para altura do úbere posterior. A média do escore final para tipo foi 80 e para produçöes de leite e gordura foram, respectivamente, 7.019±1.817kg e 236±60kg. As repetibilidades variaram de 0,46 para profundidade do úbere a 0,76 para escore final de tipo, e as herdabilidades de 0,11 para ligamento suspensório mediano a 0,40 para escore final. Em geral, as correlaçöes genéticas entre as características lineares de úbere foram altas e positivas. O maior valor foi entre altura e profundidade do úbere (0,71), seguida da correlaçäo entre inserçäo anterior e profundidade do úbere (0,69). Ao envolver características produtivas e de úbere, o maior valor foi 0,46, obtido entre produçäo de leite e largura do úbere posterior. A correlaçäo entre produçäo de gordura e largura do úbere foi moderada (0,23). Algumas correlaçöes foram negativas e em geral as fenotípicas foram, em valores absolutos, inferiores às genéticas

Comparaçäo da produçäo de leite e de gordura e da duraçäo da lactaçäo entre cinco "graus de sangue" originados de cruzamentos entre Holandês e Gir em Minas Gerais / Effect of breed group on milk and fat milk yield and on lactation lenght of Brazilian crossbred dairy cows

Para comparar as produçöes de leite e gordura e a duraçäo da lactaçäo de animais de cinco "graus de sangue" (1/2, 3/4, 7/8, 15/16 e 31/32) originados de cruzamentos entre Holandês e Gir foram formados três conjuntos de dados. O conjunto 1 foi constituído de 9.817 lactaçöes, 3.012 registros de primeira lactaçäo e 122 rebanhos; o conjunto 2, de 7.839 lactaçöes, 2.334 registros de primeira lactaçäo e 75 rebanhos; e o conjunto 3, de 5.236 lactaçöes, 1.468 registros de primeira lactaçäo e 38 rebanhos. As médias da produçäo de leite, de gordura e da duraçäo da lactaçäo de todas as lactaçöes nos conjuntos 1, 2 e 3 foram, respectivamente: 4.532+/-17Kg, 157+/-1Kg e 290+/-1 dias; 4.514+/-18kg, 157+/-kg e 292+/- 1 dias; e 4.495+/-22Kg, 156+/-1Kg e 293+/-1 dias. Os animais de "grau de sangue" 31/32 foram superiores aos demais quanto à produçäo de leite, à de gordura e à duraçäo da lactaçäo. Os animais 7/8 e 15/16 tiveram desempenho semelhante e os 1/2 apresentaram pior desempenho